Glossary 

      Glossary 

      Glossary

      The Quadrical plant is set up in the following way.

      Equipment Type ; Reading Type:

      Solar plants have multiples of equipment.  As each have a unique Tag to refer to them, they are known simply as EQUIPMENT_TAG.  All equipment fit into general categories like [Energy Meters, Inverters, Weather Stations etc].  These are merged together and standardized in the Quadrical platform as EQUIPMENT_TYPE. Each Equipment based on its type, provides measurements related to Current, Voltage, Frequency – which are standardized and made available as READING_TYPE.

      Plant Level (Equipment-type of PLANT_OUTGOING-ABT)

      Quadrical tools are available for Performance Engineer / Analyst to explore data for individual sites in more detail.  These are accessible from the Analytics Tab with four views.

      1. Analysis
      2. Sibling Comparison
      3. Sibling Heatmap
      4. Scatterplot

      The plant can be navigated using the Tree Widget on the left to locate the equipment of interest – referred to as SELECTED equipment.  Once established, depending on view chosen, the user can provide additional requirements to explore data based on:

      1. Type of reading about equipment
      2. Additional data, from other equipment to pull into the analysis – equipment of the same EQUIPMENT-TYPE as the SELECTED equipment are referred to as PEERS.
      Terminology Meaning Type
      1. Act Gen Actual Generation Plant KPI*
      2. Act Res Actual Resource [Insolation] Plant KPI*
      3. Active Power (True Power or Real Power) AC power produced by plant and utilized by the load Plant KPI*
      4. Actual/ Unnormalized Scale of different reading types selected, may be different.  This checkbox helps with better viewing

      IF

      • Selected: each Reading Type is shown in Original Scale
      • Unselected: each Reading Type scaled to a 0-100 range
      		Analytics Tools Label*
      5. AOP Gen Annual Operating Plan Generation Plant KPI*
      6. AOP Res Annual Operating Plan Resource Plant KPI*
      7. Availability_Q Availability numbers based on fault tickets available at INV/Plant level Plant KPI*
      8. Availability_Q Availability numbers based on fault tickets available at INV Inverter level
      9. Bins Grouping of data across a period of time into one bucket Sibling Heatmap
      10. Capacity DC load attached to plant level Plant KPI*, Global Level, Inverter Level
      11. Clearsky_GHI Clear Sky radiation value Global
      12. Clearsky_GHI_% Clear sky radiation % value with respect to Extraterrestrial radiation Global
      13. Color Tab Allows for adding another READING-TYPE to provide differentiation amongst plotted points
      • Drop-down will list available READING-TYPE to be used as color

      		Scatterplot
      14. Curr_AC AC current Inverter level
      15. Curr_DC DC current Inverter level
      16. Daily_Gen Daily Generation value Inverter level
      17. Data_Availability Availability numbers based on communication tickets available at INV/Plant level. Plant KPI*
      18. Data_Availability Availability numbers based on communication tickets available at INV Inverter level
      19. Digital Twin Benchmark calculated for SCB/String.  Factors in parameters including weather data, peer behaviour + its own historical behaviour.    Thus, more highly correlated to actual value rather than standard PVSyst based contracted energy benchmarks. Twin

      20. Digital Twin PR Simulated value created using historical data, historical trends, weather, site parameters.   Represents ratio of Actual Energy output to Digital Twin Energy output.  Used as PR value of Digital Twin Energy Benchmark. Twin

      21. Efficiency_Q Availability numbers based on fault tickets available at INV Inverter level
      22. Equipment-Tag Is tag of SELECTED equipment from Left Navigation Tree

      Drop-down will list available READING-TYPE to be plotted on y-axis

      		Scatterplot
      23. Events Tab

      Typically industrial equipment allows viewing of a change in State for equipment.   It is understood that unless a register shows a new state, its state is same as the last displayed state.  As each equipment has many registers, this gets quite noisy, quite quickly.

      • For Solar:
        States are mostly driven by the Rules Engine.  Quadrical provides a declarative system to capture interesting (Availability Impacting) states + their duration as events.  De-Noising based on state priority, operating conditions to Open-Close these events, state priority, operating conditions to Open-Close these events is Built-In.

      • For Storage:
        Events are mostly driven by equipment states.   Broadly states are raw events which are considered interesting as the State duration has availability impact.  This makes issues arising into tickets which are considered for triage.  A work order is a triage ticket assigned to field agents.

      		Sibling Heatmap
      24. Export Energy Cumulative reading of energy exported at plant level Plant KPI*
      25. Export_Energy_delta Difference between 2 consecutive ticks of Export Energy i.e. energy produced in between two-time tick interval. Plant KPI*
      26. Filter Rule IF Selected: shows granular data.  More advanced feature.

      Quadrical uses No-Code Framework to define all new KPIs. New KPI’s + Underlying steps to define it are configured in the Reading Dim.

      Once a KPI is defined, it can be used for Advanced Analytics Visualizations so Trend Analysis, Heat Maps Scatter Plots can be done and KPI’s tweaked in RealTime by performance teams more easily.  This is as the ‘Filter Rule’ allows the definition of required filters for data being used to populate them.  This is best explained via a session with Quadrical teams.

      		Sibling Comparison / Sibling Heatmap
      27. Flat Data Data quality is represented by the number of Flat [data not transmitting] Ticks.  Considered flat when 2 consecutive values are the same.  Thus, count of # of Flat Ticks over Audit Period shows data issues. Twin

      28. GHI Global Horizontal Irradiance [represents radiation falls at the horizontal plane parallel to the Earth’s horizontal plane]. Plant KPI*
      29. GII/GTI Global Inclined Irradiance [represents radiation fall at the tilted surface] Plant KPI*
      30. Hz_Ins Horizontal Insolation Global
      31. Hz_Irr Horizontal Radiation Global
      32. Hz_Irr Horizontal Radiation Inverter level
      33. Insolation Amount of solar radiation which reached the earth’s surface at a specific area. Plant KPI*
      34. INST_PR Performance ratio at each time stamp Inverter level
      35. INST_PR_Bifacial Bifacial Performance ratio at each time stamp Inverter level
      36. Inverter efficiency Amount of AC output power provided by Inverter for given DC input.   Normally falls between 95% and 99% with 98% the average. Twin

      37. Irradiance Power of solar radiation per unit area.   Measured in Watt per square meter [W/m2] Global
      38. Is_Clearsky: Detects time stamp where sky is clear Global
      39. IS_Clipping Detection of Time stamp when clipping is detected Inverter ; Module level
      40. LD Calculations Liquidated Damages Calculations [Calculation for not achieving target generation in terms of kWh in PPA or Agreement] Plant KPI*
      41. Loss_INV_S Structural Loss. Losses occurring continually for > 6 Months.   Devices may be behaving consistently, but badly compared to plant peers.   As these losses are pre-existing, ongoing, continuing, these devices need attention.  Devices with No Start Date OR End Date should be prioritized for maintenance Inverter level
      42. Loss_INV_T Temporal Loss.  Temporary Losses with start time + end time.  Based entirely on Multi-dimensional Digital Twins including Peer Specific and Device Specific ones.

      Compare best behavior shown by device in the last 6 months with what’s wrong compared to the best condition seen in those 6 months.  Degraded condition could be for any reason – shading on certain days, insulation issues which appeared for a few days then went away or are currently occurring

      		Inverter level
      43. Measures Tab Heatmap analysis for typically any reading-type across its PEERS and over time Sibling Heatmap
      44. MTD Data Month till date Data [Month until today] Plant KPI*
      45. MTTD hrs Mean Time to Detect [In hours] Plant KPI*
      46. MTTR hrs Mean Time to Response [In hours] Plant KPI*
      47. Norm-power Normalized Power – Generated DC power output normalized by device capacity.  Eg. Power/Capacity. Twin

      48. Peers Tab Scatterplot can be repeated for ANY PEERS

      Dropdown allows multiple PEERS to be selected

      		Scatterplot
      49. Power_Active AC Power Plant KPI*
      50. Power_Active AC Power Inverter level
      51. Power_Apparent Apparent Power Plant KPI*
      52. Power_Factor Power Factor value at plant level Plant KPI*
      53. Power_Reactive Reactive Power Plant KPI*
      54. PR Performance Ratio.  Ratio of energy effectively produced [used], with respect to energy which would be produced IF system was working continuously at its nominal STC efficiency Plant KPI*
      55. PR_Q Performance Ratio Inverter level
      56. PR-999 Ratio of Power ; expected output from Digital Twin 999. Twin

      57. Pwr_DC DC power Inverter level
      58. Pwr_Norm AC power by DC load attached Inverter level
      59. Pwr-DC DC power at specific device. Twin

      60. Pwr-DC-twin-1 Expected power at device from Master Digital Twin Twin

      61. Radio-button Options
      • Trend Curve: If Selected:  tries to fit all collected data into a curve
      • Scatter Plot: If Selected: it simply plots all the points
      		Scatterplot
      62. Raw Data IF
      • Selected:  shows granular data
      • Unselected: shows approximate data based on selected time-range
      		Analytics Tools Label*
      63. Raw Data IF
      • Selected:  shows granular data
      • Unselected:  shows approximate data based on selected time-range
      		Sibling Comparison
      64. SELECT <Equipment-Type> <Equipment-tag> — refer to previous section of Equipment types.   Drop-down shows available reading-types by equipment. Analytics Tools Label*
      65. SELECT PEERS Other equipment of same type, which may be compared

      Drop-down provides ability to select multiple devices for comparison

      		Sibling Comparison
      66. SELECT PEERS Equipment of same type, which may be compared to each other

      Drop-down provides ability to select multiple devices for comparison

      		Sibling Heatmap
      67. SELECT READING TYPE Drop-down allows to pick Reading Type which may be compared across  selected equipment Sibling Comparison
      68. SELECT READING TYPE Drop-down allows picking of Reading Type which needs to be compared across selected devices Sibling Heatmap
      69. Sibling Devices under same parent.  Eg. SCBs under the same inverter. Twin
      70. Simulated Module Temperature Simulated module temperature with Prilliman Method Global
      71. Slackers SCBs which are late starters, early finishers or mid-day low producers compared to their Digital Twin expectations. Twin
      72. Specific Power Energy generated per kWp module capacity, installed over a fixed period of time. Twin
      73. Standard Performance Ratio (Standard PR) Ratio of measured Actual energy output compared to Expected Energy Output for a given period. This is based on the system name-plate rating. Twin
      74. States Tab

      Industrial equipment is able to show the State and Status of the system in RealTime.   These are typically captured by SCADA then ingested by Quadrical system, to be analysed by equipment faults ; codes.

      We use Manufacturer Data Sheets to enumerate and display the underlying meaning of these codes. Tab allows these codes to be searched and viewed.

      		Sibling Heatmap
      75. Structural Losses Losses occurring continually for > 6 Months.   Devices may be behaving consistently, but badly compared to plant peers.   As these losses are pre-existing, ongoing, continuing, these devices need attention.  Devices with No Start Date OR End Date should be prioritized for maintenance Twin
      76. Sun_Azimuth Angle formed between a reference direction ; a line from observer to a point of interest projected on the same plane. Global
      77. Sun_Elevation Measurement of the height [or altitude] of the sun in the sky Global
      78. Sun_Zenith Angle between the sun’s rays ; vertical direction Global
      79. T-AMB Ambient Temperature – Temperature of surroundings Global
      80. Temporal Losses Temporary Losses with start time + end time.  Based entirely on Multi-dimensional Digital Twins including Peer Specific and Device Specific ones.

      Compare best behavior shown by device in the last 6 months with what’s wrong compared to the best condition seen in those 6 months.  Degraded condition could be for any reason – shading on certain days, insulation issues which appeared for a few days then went away or are currently occurring

      		Twin
      81. Tilt_Ins Insolation value based on Tilt_Irr Global
      82. Tilt_Ins_1_delta It is the difference in between two consecutive ticks of Tilt_Ins Global
      83. Tilt_Irr Computed Tilted Irradiation data if there are more than one pyranometer installed at site/plant. Global
      84. Tilt_Irr_1 Tilted Irradiation Global
      85. Volt_DC DC voltage Inverter level
      86. Volt_RY RY Voltage Inverter level
      87. X Axis Above selected can be compared against any other READING-TYPE for the same equipment

      Drop-down will list available READING-TYPE to be plotted on x-axis

      		Scatterplot
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